The sun is an indispensable energy source for the sustainability of life. However, uncontrolled and long-term exposure to sunlight can have serious negative effects on skin health. In this article, we will discuss the harmful effects of the sun on the skin and ways to protect against these effects from the perspective of a dermatologist.
Negative Effects of the Sun on the Skin
Photoaging is the signs of aging that occur on the skin as a result of long-term exposure to UV rays. This condition occurs when the elastin and collagen fibers in the skin are damaged.
Symptoms:
Fine lines and wrinkles
Skin loosening and loss of elasticity
Sunspots and hyperpigmentation
Dry and rough skin
2. Sunburn
Sunburn is an acute inflammation of the upper layer of the skin resulting from excessive exposure to UVB rays. This can cause damage to the DNA of skin cells.
Symptoms:
Redness and swelling
Pain and tenderness
Peeling and blistering
Fever and dehydration in severe cases
3. Skin Cancer
Sun rays, especially UVB and UVA, can cause mutations in the DNA of skin cells, which can lead to skin cancer. Skin cancer is divided into two main groups: melanoma and non-melanoma (basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma).
Symptoms:
New and rapidly growing spots or changes in existing moles
Bleeding or non-healing sores
Raised, rough or colored formations on the skin
4. Actinic Keratosis
Actinic keratosis are raised and rough lesions that appear on skin areas exposed to the sun and are considered a precursor to skin cancer.
Symptoms:
Red or brown raised spots
Hard and rough surfaces
Tenderness and itching
Ways to Protect from the Harmful Effects of the Sun
Use of Sunscreen
Sunscreen creams are one of the most effective ways to protect your skin from harmful UV rays. It is recommended to use broad spectrum (UVA and UVB) sunscreens with SPF 30 and above.
Protective Clothing
Wide-brimmed hats, UV-protective glasses and long-sleeved clothing protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun. Clothing made of special UV protective fabrics should be preferred.
Being in Shadow Areas
Direct sunlight should be avoided during peak sun hours (10:00-16:00). Staying in the shade or being in closed areas during these hours protects skin health.
Regular Skin Checks
Regular dermatologist checks should be performed for early diagnosis of skin changes. Individuals with particularly risky skin types should have a dermatological examination at least once a year. Sun rays can have serious negative effects on skin health in case of uncontrolled and long-term exposure. Effective sun protection methods should be applied to prevent problems such as photoaging, sunburn, skin cancer and actinic keratosis. It is of great importance to follow dermatologist recommendations to protect your skin health and protect from the harmful effects of the sun.
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